Desmopressin Acetate

What is desmopressin?

Desmopressin (brand names: Stimate®, DDAVP®, Minirin®, Noctiva®, DFDAVP®, Concentraid®, D-Void®, Defirin®, Desmogalen®, Desmospray®, Desmotabs®, Emosint®, Minirin/DDAVP®, Minrin®, Minurin®, Nocutil®, Octim®, Octostim®, Presinex®) is a hormone used to treat diabetes insipidus (not diabetes mellitus).

It also has limited effectiveness in treating von Willebrand disease, a type of bleeding disorder. It may be useful as a therapy for mammary carcinoma and other aggressive tumors.

Its use in cats, dogs, and horses to treat diabetes insipidus and other conditions is off label (extra label). Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. “Off label” means the drug is being used in a way that has not been reviewed or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Health Canada. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions carefully, as they may be significantly different from those on the label.

How is desmopressin given?

• Desmopressin is usually provided in a nasal spray format, but the nasal spray is administered as drops in the eye. However, your veterinarian may recommend an oral tablet or an injection given in the clinic.
• When administering the medication into the eye, do not touch the tip of the bottle to the eye.

This medication will take effect quickly, in about 1 to 2 hours, and improvement in clinical signs should follow.

What if I miss giving my pet the medication?

If you miss a dose, give it as soon as you remember, and then continue with the regular dosing schedule. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not give the pet two doses at once.

Are there any potential side effects?

Side effects may include:

• Eye irritation when applied to the eye

Serious adverse reactions may occur. If any of the following signs develop, stop giving desmopressin and contact your veterinarian immediately:

• Allergic reactions, characterized by itching, hives, facial swelling, or difficulty breathing

Drug sensitivities can develop over time, with repeated exposure. Your pet may have no reaction after the first few doses but may develop a sensitivity later. It is important to watch for signs of an allergic reaction over the entire course of treatment. Other side effects may occur. If you notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately.  This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease.

Are there any risk factors for this medication?

DO NOT USE desmopressin in pets that:

• Are allergic to it
• Are prone to blood clots, such as those with heart disease

USE WITH CAUTION in:

• Pregnant or nursing pets (studies are limited, although it is likely safe based on current information)

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

The following medications should be used with caution when given with desmopressin:

• Chlorpropamide
• Fludrocortisone
• Urea

Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking before starting any treatment.

Is any monitoring needed with this medication?

• Your veterinarian will monitor blood electrolytes and urinalysis when treating diabetes insipidus.
• Bleeding times will be monitored when treating von Willebrand disease.
• Your veterinarian may monitor your pet to be sure that the medication is working.
• At home, monitor for any side effects such as those noted above. If any occur, stop using the medication and contact your veterinarian.

How do I store desmopressin?

• Store the solution in the refrigerator between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) once the bottle has been opened, for up to 30 days. An unopened bottle can be stored at room temperature for up to 3 weeks.
• Protect from freezing.

What should I do in case of emergency?

If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. Be prepared to provide information about the product and your pet's weight and symptoms.